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Tim R. Murphy
The University of Georgia
Crop and Soil Sciences

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
  1. Problem Weeds of Turfgrasses
  2. Why control weeds?
  3. Weed Management Strategy
  4. Virginia buttonweed
  5. Virginia buttonweed (Diodia virginiana)
  6. Virginia buttonweed
  7. Virginia buttonweed - Control
  8. Virginia buttonweed - Control
  9. Sedge Herbicides - Turfgrasses
  10. Green (perennial) kyllinga
  11. Kyllinga spp. (Kyllinga spp.)
  12. Kyllinga spp. - Control
  13. Sedge control ratings
  14. Violet spp. (perennial)
  15. Violets spp. (Viola spp.)
  16. Wild Garlic
  17. Wild Garlic/Onion (Allium vineale and canadense)
  18. Doveweed
  19. Doveweed (Murdannia nudiflora)
  20. Doveweed
  21. Spreading Dayflower
  22. Spreading Dayflower (Commelina diffusa)
  23. Annual blue-eyed grass
  24. Annual Blueeyed-grass (Sisyrinchium spp.)
  25. Chamberbitter, niruri, gripeweed
  26. Chamberbitter - Phyllanthus niruri
  27. Longstalked Phyllanthus
  28. Longstalked Phyllanthus (Phyllanthus tenellus)
  29. Chamberbitter & Longstalked Phyllanthus Control
  30. Prostrate spurge - summer annual
  31. American burnweed (fireweed)
  32. Pennywort or dollarwort
  33. Dichondra
  34. Lawn Burweed (spurweed)
  35. Lawn Burweed - Soliva pterosperma
  36. Lawn Burweed Control
  37. Florida Betony
  38. Florida Betony - Stachys floridana
  39. Florida Betony Control
  40. Annual bluegrass - Poa annua
  41. Quote from Callahan and McDonald
  42. Annual bluegrass control
  43. Non-Overseeded Bermudagrass
  44. Overseeded Bermudagrass
  45. Poa Control with Kerb
  46. Annual Bluegrass Control
  47. Italian Ryegrass
  48. Italian Ryegrass Control
  49. Clumpy perennial ryegrass
  50. Tall Fescue
  51. Dallisgrass
  52. Dallisgrass - New Option
  53. Roundup Rate and Bermudagrass Control
  54. Bermuda Control with Roundup - 1 yr.
  55. Bermuda Suppression in Zoysiagrass
  56. Bermuda Suppression in Tall Fescue
  57. Bermuda Suppression in Centipedegrass
  58. Bermuda Suppression in St. Augustinegrass
  59. Bahiagrass
  60. Color Atlas of Turfgrass Weeds
  61. Turfgrass Web Page



SLIDE CONTENTS
  1. Problem Weeds of Turfgrasses Tim R. Murphy Crop and Soil Sciences The University of Georgia
  2. Why control weeds? Reduce crop yields and quality Lower aesthetic appeal and property value Some are allergens or poisonous Disrupt native ecosystems Harbor insects and diseases Interfere with right-of-way safety and transmissions
  3. Weed Management Strategy Identify weed, life cycle, habitat Institute Control Procedures Preventive Mechanical Biological Cultural Chemical
  4. Virginia buttonweed
  5. Virginia buttonweed (Diodia virginiana) Warm-season perennial broadleaf Reproduction creeping stems creeping roots above and below ground seed production
  6. Virginia buttonweed Seed germination - optimum at 85 to 95 F. - no germination < 70 F. - optimum depth 1.0 to 1.5 inches Shoot emergence - root fragments 0.25 inch long can produce shoots from 8 inch soil depth
  7. Virginia buttonweed - Control 2,4-D + 2,4-DP Good 2,4-D + dicamba Good 2,4-D+MCPP+dicamba Good Research at MSU show formulations high in 2,4-D concentration provide better control (ex. Trimec Classic, Escalade) Spray regrowth when noted (21 to 35 days)
  8. Virginia buttonweed - Control Ronstar - seed only Princep - seed only Confront, Manor - fair control (variable) Monument, Katana – good control (variable) Glyphosate - the last resort!
  9. Sedge Herbicides - Turfgrasses Basagran T/O - yellow, annual sedges Manage, SedgeHammer - yellow, purple, annual sedges Monument - yellow, purple, annual sedges Katana - yellow, purple, annual sedges MSMA/DSMA - yellow, purple, annual sedges Image - yellow, purple, annual sedges Certainty – yellow, purple, annual sedges Pennant - yellow, annual sedges
  10. Green (perennial) kyllinga
  11. Kyllinga spp. (Kyllinga spp.) Sedge family Annuals and perennials Reproduce by seed and rhizomes No tuber formation Thrive in wet soils Increasing in severity Lack of MSMA use??
  12. Kyllinga spp. - Control Image Image + MSMA Manage, SedgeHammer Katana Monument Certainty MSMA/DSMA Repeat applications will be needed
  13. Sedge control ratings.
  14. Violet spp. (perennial)
  15. Violets spp. (Viola spp.) Annuals and perennials Shade or full sun Reproduce by seed (rhizomes) 2- and 3-way products - P to F 2 appl. Confront, 3 to 6 wks apart 2 appl. Chaser, Turflon II Amine. 4 wks apart Katana, Manor, Blade
  16. Wild garlic
  17. Wild Garlic/Onion (Allium vineale and canadense) Cool-season perennial,reproduces by seed, aerial bulbils and underground bulbs and bulblets 2,4-D and other phenoxy products, 2 appl. 6 wks apart, 2 to 3 years Image - apply after dormancy, mow 1 to 2 wks after application Manor, Blade
  18. Doveweed
  19. Doveweed (Murdannia nudiflora) Summer annual, reproduces by seed fleshy stems, root at nodes 3 appl. MSMA + 2,4-D 2 appl. MSMA + Sencor Atrazine, 2 applications, 3 weeks apart 2 appl. Trimec Southern (14 d intervals)
  20. Doveweed Ineffective Herbicides - Basagran T/O - Confront - Vanquish - Manor, Blade
  21. Spreading dayflower
  22. Spreading Dayflower (Commelina diffusa) Summer annual Reproduces by seed and stem fragments MSMA + Sencor Basagran T/O, Prompt MSMA Turflon II Amine (2,4-D + triclopyr)
  23. Annual blue-eyed grass
  24. Annual Blueeyed-grass (Sisyrinchium spp.) Annuals and perennials, Member of Iris family Reproduce by seed Thrives in compacted soils, some species like moist soils TranXit Triazines in late fall 2 appl. MSMA + Sencor, 14 d interval
  25. Chamberbitter, niruri, gripeweed
  26. Chamberbitter - Phyllanthus niruri Euphorbiaceae (spurge family) niruri, gripeweed, leafflower summer annual, reproduces by seed alternate leaves, numerous leaflets inconspicuous flowers stalkless green, round fruit no milky juice
  27. Longstalked Phyllanthus
  28. Longstalked Phyllanthus (Phyllanthus tenellus) Euphorbiaceae (spurge family) summer annual, reproduces by seed alternate leaves, numerous leaflets inconspicuous flowers stalked green, round fruit no milky juice
  29. Chamberbitter & Longstalked Phyllanthus Control atrazine, simazine, 2 appl., 3 wks apart Ronstar - Pre (no home lawns) Gallery - Pre MSMA, 2 to 3 appl., 7 days apart ??? 2,4-D+MCPP+dicamba ???? Manor, Blade????
  30. Prostrate spurge - summer annual Postemergence: Manor, Blade, Sencor, Trimec, Monument Preemergence: Simazine, atrazine, Gallery
  31. summer annual fireweed Postemergence : 2- and 3-way growth regulator herbicides, Manor, Blade. Preemergence products are not very effective or provide only short term control. American burnweed (fireweed)
  32. Pennywort or dollarweed perennial Atrazine or simazine applied twice, 30 days apart. Prompt, Image, Manor, Blade. 2 or 3-way broadleaf mixtures applied 7 days apart are also effective in tolerant turfgrasses.
  33. Dichondra, rhizomatous perennial Controlled by repeat applications of atrazine, 30 days apart. 2 and 3-way growth regulator herbicides. Confront is a little better than Trimec related compounds. *Monument
  34. Lawn burweed (spurweed)
  35. Lawn Burweed - Soliva pterosperma Compositae (aster family) spurweed, sandbur winter annual, reproduces by seed opposite leaves fruits with sharp spines
  36. Lawn Burweed Control atrazine, simazine - Pre or Post Gallery - Pre, early fall 2,4-D+MCPP+dicamba, repeat applications may be necessary Manor, Blade Katana
  37. Florida betony
  38. Florida Betony - Stachys floridana Labitae (mint family) “Rattlesnake weed” perennial reproduces primarily by tubers opposite, serrated leaves occurs in turf and ornamentals
  39. Florida Betony Control atrazine - F-G 2,4-D - G 2,4-D+MCPP+dicamba - G Roundup, Finale Manor, Blade
  40. Annual bluegrass – Poa annua Winter annual, but perennial biotypes also found on bentgrass greens Germinates late summer-fall at soil temperatures around 70 F. Second germination flush in mid- to late-winter
  41. Continuous annual bluegrass seed germination occurred from mid-Nov. through early January in Knoxville, TN. Callahan and McDonald, 1992
  42. Annual bluegrass control Preemergence Control Barricade, Pendulum Surflan, Dimension Balan, Ronstar Kerb Atrazine, Simazine annual bluegrass Boat shaped leaf tip
  43. Non-Overseeded Bermudagrass Triazines – standard, but resistance increasing Kerb – works, costly, lateral run-off Pre’s – work, but DNA resistance is here Glyphosate – works, partial dormancy Diquat – ineffective Revolver, TranXit, Monument, Certainty
  44. Overseeded Bermudagrass Options for annual bluegrass Kerb - 60 to 90 days (or charcoal) Dimension – 6 to 8 wks Barricade – 8 to 10 wks (supplemental label) Balan – low rate, 6 weeks Rubigan – cost limits use to greens Prograss – greenup issue TranXit and Revolver – 2 weeks before seeding
  45. Poa Control with Kerb Excellent for annual bluegrass Will move with water and damage cool-season grasses Kerb movement onto bentgrass
  46. Annual Bluegrass Control Bentgrass Greens paclobutrazol (Trimmit) at 0.25 lb/ac in the fall followed by 2 to 3 applications in the spring. Pre’s tend to select for the perennial type Poa annua
  47. Roundup is effective Monument, Revolver, Katana are effective Kerb and Illoxan provides some control Reward and Finale ineffective Manor, Blade partial control Italian Ryegrass
  48. Italian Ryegrass Control
  49. Overseeding Clumpy perennial ryegrass Monument, Revolver, Katana
  50. cool-season perennial Tall Fescue Roundup (risky) Kerb during winter months Corsair, Monument, Revolver, Certainty, Katana
  51. Repeat applications of MSMA Usually 3 to 4 treatments required on a 5 to 7 day schedule Dallisgrass
  52. Dallisgrass – New Option Apply MSMA at normal rate Follow 2 weeks later with spot treatment of Revolver at 1.0 fl. oz/gallon Follow 7 to 10 days later with MSMA at normal rate
  53. Roundup Rate and Bermudagrass Control
  54. Bermuda Control with Roundup – 1 yr.
  55. Bermuda Suppression in Zoysiagrass Acclaim Extra 20.0 fl. ozs./acre Apply every 4 weeks during growing season Fusilade II 3.0 to 4.0 fl. ozs./acre Apply every 4 weeks during growing season Tank-mix with Turflon Ester at 1.0 qt./acre will improve control
  56. Bermuda Suppression in Tall Fescue Apply 4 to 5 applications per year of Acclaim Extra at 20.0 fl. ozs./acre. Add Turflon Ester at 1.0 qt./acre to improve control. Apply every 4 weeks. Apply 2 applications (spring + fall) of Fusilade II at 5 to 6 fl. ozs./acre per year for 2 years
  57. Bermuda Suppression in Centipedegrass Apply 2 applications (spring + 3 to 4 wks) of Vantage at 2.25 pts./acre per year for 2 years Apply 2 applications (spring + 3 to 4 wks) of Envoy at 34 fl. ozs./acre per year for 2 years (sod farm label)
  58. Bermuda Suppression in St. Augustinegrass Prograss + Atrazine (2.0 gals. + 2.0 qts./acre) 2 to 3 applications 1st – 2 to 3 wks after spring growth resumes 2nd – 30 days later 3rd - 30 days later if regrowth occurs Temp. injury and stunting to St. Aug. will occur Avoid spray overlap or injury will increase
  59. rhizome seedhead Bahiagrass Repeat MSMA Manor, Blade rhizomes
  60. www.amazon.com * 214 weed species *575 color photos *Control info for each weed $95.00
  61. Turfgrass Web Page www.georgiaturf.com or .org 437 photographs of 193 weeds Control recommendations Popular articles Links to turfgrass organizations, GA automated weather network