Slide Presentation
TITLE
(click title to view slides)
2000 Cotton Update
AUTHOR
Dr. Stanley Culpepper
Extension Weed Specialist
University of Georgia
Tifton, GA
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
2000 Cotton Update
Breakout Session Objectives
Breakout Session Objectives - New Labels or Uses
Glyphosate Formulations
Roundup Ready Cotton Tolerance to Roundup, Touchdown, and Touchdown 5
Morningglory Control in RR Cotton by Harvade Mixtures. Attapulgus, GA. 2000
Breakout Session Objectives - RR cotton tolerance to glyphosate
Transgenic Cotton Acreage in Georgia
Lint Cotton Yields in RR Cotton when Treated Topically with Glyphosate at Various Growth Stages
Glyphosate Overtop After 4th Leaf Stage
Is Stem Absorption of Glyphosate Directed in RR Cotton a Concern?
Cotton Yield After Various Glyphosate Applications. Moultrie, 2000.
Precision PD or hooded sprayers
Direct spray to the base of the cotton plants
Direct spray to the base of the cotton plants - picture
Contact of spray with cotton leaves should be avoided
Sprayer picture
Sprayer picture
Sprayer picture
Sprayer picture
Place nozzles in low position
Sprayer picture
Sprayer picture
Sprayer picture
Precision and Sloppy Applied Glyphosate - Picture
Precision and Sloppy Applied Glyphosate - Picture
Breakout Session Objectives - Managing weeds that are difficult to control in RR cotton
Cutleaf Eveningprimrose
Cutleaf Eveningprimrose Response to Burndown Herbicides
Cutleaf Eveningprimrose Control by Glyphosate and 2,4-D. Tifton, 2000.
Cutleaf Eveningprimrose Fresh Weights After Treating with Burndown Herbicides. Tifton, 2000.
2,4-D Burndown for Cotton (from fallow land section of labels)
Current Recommendations -- 2,4-D Burndown for Cotton
Cotton Injury from 2.1 mls Per Acre of 2,4-D. Tifton, 2000.
Florida Pusley
Florida Pusley - use a DNA herbicide
Florida Pusley Control with Glyphosate and Glyphosate Tank Mixtures. Tifton, 2000.
Yellow and Purple Nutsedge
Yellow and Purple Nutsedge Control Programs
Yellow and Purple Nutsedge Control by Glyphosate. Greenhouse.
Yellow and Purple Nutsedge Control by MSMA. Greenhouse.
Morningglory
Mid-Season Morningglory Control by Glyphosate & Glyphosate/Staple Mixtures.
Glyphosate/Staple Tank Mixtures
Smallflower Morningglory Control by Glyphosate Alone and Mixed with Residual Herbicides
Asiatic Dayflower
Asiatic Dayflower Control by Glyphosate & Glyphosate/Staple Mixtures. Grady Co., 2000.
Asiatic Dayflower Control by Glyphosate Mixtures at Layby. Grady Co., 2000.
Asiatic Dayflower Control by Conventional Layby Herbicides. Grady Co., 2000.
Hemp Sesbania
Hemp Sesbania Control by Glyphosate. Tifton, 2000.
Breakout Session Objectives - Glyphosate/tank mixes
Glyphosate + Tank Mix Partner
Tank Mix Partners-Early Season
RR Cotton Injury from Glyphosate/Staple Mixtures
Cotton Injury from Glyphosate/Staple Combinations. Tifton, 2000.
Tank Mix Partners-Early Season
Do Not Use Dual PRE on Georgia Soils
Tank Mix Partners-Early Season
Tank Mix Partners-Late Season
Tank Mix Partners
Tank Mix Partners
Texas Panicum Control by Glyphosate Alone and in Mixture with Residual Herbicides
Palmer Amaranth Control by Glyphosate Alone and in Mixture with Residual Herbicides
Pictures
Should I Direct Glyphosate in RR Cotton?
Breakout Session Objectives - Replacing Bladex
Cyanazine Availability
Cyanazine (Bladex, Cy-Pro)
Replace Cyanazine?
Smallflower Morningglory Control by Conventional Layby Herbicides. Turner Co., 2000.
Tropic Croton Control by Conventional Layby Herbicides. Turner Co., 2000.
Sicklepod Control Comparison of Caparol and Direx. Tifton, 2000.
Smallflower Morningglory Control Comparison of Caparol and Direx. Tifton, 2000.
Palmer Amaranth Control Comparison of Caparol and Direx. Tifton, 2000.
Hemp Sesbania Control Comparison of Caparol and Direx. Tifton, 2000.
Replace Cyanazine?
Breakout Session Objectives - Cadre carryover
Cadre carryover - Picture
Cadre carryover
Breakout Session Objectives - DNA application timing in strip-till
Large Crabgrass Control by Various Application Methods of Prowl.
Slender Amaranth Control by Various Application Methods of Prowl.
Breakout Session Objectives - Layby applications in liquid N
Cotton Injury from Directed Herbicides in Water and Water/N Mixtures. Tifton, 2000.
Things to Come
SLIDE CONTENTS
PPT Slide Cotton Production Workshop A. Stanley Culpepper
Breakout Session Objectives 1. New labels or uses 2. RR cotton tolerance to glyphosate 3. Managing weeds that are difficult to control in RR cotton 4. Glyphosate/tank mixes 5. Replacing Bladex 6. Cadre carryover 7. DNA application timing in strip-till 8. Layby applications in liquid N
New Labels or Uses 1. Paraquat formulations: Boa (2.5 lb ai) Gramoxone Extra (2.5 lb ai) Gramoxone Max (3.0 lb ai) 2. Glyphosate formulations:
Glyphosate Formulations* Acquire Credit DuPont Glyphosate Gly-Flo Glyfos Glyfos X-TRA Glyphomax Glyphomax Plus Glyphosate Original Rattler Roundup D-Pak Roundup Original Roundup Ultra Roundup UltraDry Roundup UltraMax Touchdown *Products in orange may be applied overtop of RR cotton according to label.
PPT Slide Roundup Ready Cotton Tolerance to Roundup, Touchdown, and Touchdown 5. Clayton, NC. 2000.* Roundup Ultra 0 0 Touchdown 0 0 Touchdown 5 39 63 % injury 1 application 2 applications *Glyphosate applied at 1 lb ai/A. ACY
Morningglory Control in RR Cotton by Harvade Mixtures. Attapulgus, GA. 2000.* Roundup Ultra 84 Roundup + Harvade 92 Roundup + Harvade + COC 99 Harvade + MSMA + COC 99 Smallflower morningglory *Roundup Ultra 2 pt/A; Harvade 6 oz/A when mixed with RU and 10 oz/A when mixed with MSMA; MSMA 2.67 pt/A
Breakout Session Objectives 1. New labels or uses 2. RR cotton tolerance to glyphosate
Transgenic Cotton Acreage in Georgia 32 32 64 %
PPT Slide Lint Cotton Yields in RR Cotton when Treated Topically with Glyphosate at Various Growth Stages 1) Ten plants per plot were hand harvested on October 10, 1999 in Moultrie, GA. 2) Roundup Ultra applied at 1 qt/A broadcast over-the-top. Conventional plots treated with standard herbicide system. a a a b
PPT Slide Glyphosate Overtop After 4th Leaf Stage Can cause boll shed, delay maturity Salvage treatment only
Is Stem Absorption of Glyphosate Directed in RR Cotton a Concern? No noted concerns with precision applications in field trials Lab data from North Carolina, Georgia, and Mississippi? What about sloppy directed applications?
Cotton Yield After Various Glyphosate Applications. Moultrie, 2000.* *Glyphosate applied at 1.0 lb ai/A. PD = precision directed at cotyledons; SD = sloppy directed 33 to 40% up the plant. Standard system = Prowl + Cotoran fb Staple fb Caparol + MSMA. LSD = 55 Lint yield (Lb/A) Standard system Topical 1- & 4-lf Topical 4-lf PD 8- & 12-lf Topical 4-lf SD 8- & 12-lf a a a b b Topical 1-, 4-, & 12-lf
PPT Slide Directing Glyphosate in RR Cotton? Precision PD or hooded sprayers
PPT Slide Directing Glyphosate in RR Cotton? Precision PD or hooded sprayers Direct spray to the base of the cotton plants
PPT Slide
PPT Slide Directing Glyphosate in RR Cotton? Precision PD or hooded sprayers Direct spray to the base of the cotton plants Contact of spray with cotton leaves should be avoided to the maximum extent possible
PPT Slide
PPT Slide
PPT Slide
PPT Slide
PPT Slide Directing Glyphosate in RR Cotton? Precision PD or hooded sprayers Direct spray to the base of the cotton plants Contact of spray with cotton leaves should be avoided to the maximum extent possible Place nozzles in low position directing a horizontal spray pattern under the cotton leaves to contact weeds in the row
PPT Slide
PPT Slide
PPT Slide
PPT Slide Precision and Sloppy Applied Glyphosate
PPT Slide Precision and Sloppy Applied Glyphosate
Breakout Session Objectives 1. New labels or uses 2. RR cotton tolerance to glyphosate 3. Managing weeds that are difficult to control in RR cotton
PPT Slide Weeds Difficult to Control by Glyphosate?
PPT Slide Cutleaf Eveningprimrose Response to Burndown Herbicides Treatment Rating Gramoxone F Gramoxone + Direx G Glyphosate F Glyphosate + Direx G Glyphosate + Harmony Extra F-G Glyphosate + Clarity G Glyphosate + 2,4-D E
Cutleaf Eveningprimrose Control by Glyphosate and 2,4-D. Tifton, 2000.* % control *Roundup Ultra applied at 1 qt/A. Ratings 24 days after treatment. glyphosate 2,4-D
Cutleaf Eveningprimrose Fresh Weights After Treating with Burndown Herbicides. Tifton, 2000.* Grams/plot *Fresh weights taken from 12 plants per plot. Roundup Ultra applied at 2 pt/A and 2,4-D at 1 pt/A.
2,4-D Burndown for Cotton(from fallow land section of labels) No specific language concerning cotton Do not plant any crop in treated fallow land until 3 months after treatment or until chemical has disappeared from soil
Current Recommendations -- 2,4-D Burndown for Cotton 1 pt/acre Alone or mixed with glyphosate Applied 45 days before planting Research to date shows effectiveness and crop safety
Cotton Injury from 2.1 mls Per Acre of 2,4-D. Tifton, 2000.
PPT Slide Weeds Difficult to Control by Glyphosate?
PPT Slide USE A DNA HERBICIDE
Florida Pusley Control with Glyphosate and Glyphosate Tank Mixtures. Tifton, 2000.* % control 87 bc 92 ab 99 a 81 bc *Florida pusley 2 inches. Roundup UltraMAX applied at 1.25 pt; 2,4-D at 1 pt; Direx or Caparol at 1.5 pt.
PPT Slide Weeds Difficult to Control by Glyphosate?
PPT Slide Controlling Yellow and Purple Nutsedge? Nutsedge Control Programs: 1) 2 applications of glyphosate prior to 5th leaf followed by conventional chemistry including 2 lb ai MSMA directed 2) 1 application of glyphosate prior to 5th leaf followed by conventional chemistry including 2 lb ai MSMA directed 3) 2 applications of glyphosate 4) Zorial or Staple?????
Yellow and Purple Nutsedge Control by Glyphosate. Greenhouse. Glyphosate (lb) *Purple nutsedge controlled significantly greater than yellow nutsedge. 42 42 81 77 90 82 % control * * 70 98 * LSD=10
Yellow and Purple Nutsedge Control by MSMA. Greenhouse. MSMA (lb) *Yellow nutsedge controlled significantly greater than purple nutsedge. 48 42 61 49 82 69 % control * * LSD=10
PPT Slide Weeds Difficult to Control by Glyphosate?
PPT Slide Mid-Season Morningglory Control by Glyphosate & Glyphosate/Staple Mixtures. Moultrie, 2000. Things to consider? 1. Morningglory size at time of application (5 inches here). 2. Will you post-direct with conventional chemistry or glyphosate? Glyphosate 73 89 Glyphosate + Staple 93 97 Pitted Smallflower morningglory morningglory
PPT Slide Glyphosate/Staple Tank Mixtures DuPont label allows tank mix of 1.5 pt of Roundup Ultra plus 0.6 oz of Staple per acre broadcast DuPont’s Staple Plus
PPT Slide Smallflower Morningglory Control by Glyphosate Alone and Mixed with Residual Herbicides; Attapulgus, 2000. % control Smallflower mg 4 to 5 inches; irrigated environment Roundup (2 pt/A), Bladex (1.5 pt/A), Caparol (1.5 pt/A), Direx (1.5 pt/A), Valor (2 oz/A) a b a a a
PPT Slide Weeds Difficult to Control by Glyphosate?
Asiatic Dayflower Control by Glyphosate & Glyphosate/Staple Mixtures. Grady Co., 2000.* % control *Dayflower 1 to 5 inches. Ratings 30 days after treatment. Roundup Ultra applied at 1.5 pt/A and Staple at 0.6 oz/A. 67 90 Glyphosate Glyphosate + Staple
Asiatic Dayflower Control by Glyphosate Mixtures at Layby. Grady Co., 2000.* % control LSD = 10 *Dayflower 1 to 5 inches. Ratings taken 30 days after directing in 8 to 10 inch cotton. Roundup Ultra, Caparol, and Direx applied at 1.5 pt/A. Cobra, Harvade, and Valor applied at 8 oz/A, 8 oz/A, and 2 oz/A, respectively. 67 80 86 81 76 85
Asiatic Dayflower Control by Conventional Layby Herbicides. Grady Co., 2000.* % control 80 90 84 82 78 78 90 LSD = 9 91 85 *Dayflower 1 to 5 inches. Ratings taken 30 days after directing in 8 to 10 inch cotton. Bladex, Caparol, Cotoran, and Direx applied at 2 pt/A. Cobra, Harvade, Linex, MSMA, and Valor applied at 9.6 oz/A, 9 oz/A, 1.5 pt/A, 2.67 pt/A, and 2 oz/A, respectively.
PPT Slide Weeds Difficult to Control by Glyphosate?
Hemp Sesbania Control by Glyphosate. Tifton, 2000.* % control *Roundup Ultra applied at 2 pt/A. Experiment conducted under center irrigation. 3 inches 7 inches 86 59
Breakout Session Objectives 1. New labels or uses 2. RR cotton tolerance to glyphosate 3. Managing weeds that are difficult to control in RR cotton 4. Glyphosate/tank mixes
PPT Slide Glyphosate + Tank Mix Partner 1. Increase morningglory control 2. Increase dayflower control 3. Residual weed control
PPT Slide Tank Mix Partners-Early Season 1. Staple
PPT Slide RR Cotton Injury from Glyphosate/Staple Mixtures
Cotton Injury from Glyphosate/Staple Combinations. Tifton, 2000.* *Glyphosate applied at 0.75 lb ai/A. Staple applied at 0.6 oz/A. Cotton 4-leaf at time of application. LSD = 4 % injury
PPT Slide Tank Mix Partners-Early Season 1. Staple* 2. Dual Magnum *Labeled tank mix with Roundup
PPT Slide Dual PRE Do Not Use Dual PRE on Georgia Soils
PPT Slide Tank Mix Partners-Early Season 1. Staple* 2. Dual Magnum 3. MSMA *Labeled tank mix with Roundup
PPT Slide Tank Mix Partners-Late Season 1. Diuron* 6. Harvade* 2. Caparol 7. MSMA 3. Cyanazine* 8. Dual Magnum 4. Cotoran 9. Prowl* 5. Cobra *Label supports tank mix with Roundup
PPT Slide Tank Mix Partners Consider... weed species and sizes, economics, cotton stage, environment??
PPT Slide Tank Mix Partners Consider... weed species and sizes, economics, cotton stage, environment?? DON’T FORGET ABOUT ANTAGONISM
PPT Slide Texas Panicum Control by Glyphosate Alone and in Mixture with Residual Herbicides. Ponder Farm, 1999. % control Texas panicum 6 to 9 inches; fair to dry environment Roundup (2 pt/A), Bladex (1.5 pt/A), Caparol (1.5 pt/A), Direx (1.5 pt/A), Valor (2 oz/A) a b ab a b
PPT Slide Palmer Amaranth Control by Glyphosate Alone and Mixed with Residual Herbicides. Attapulgus, 2000. % control Palmer amaranth 4 to 7 inches; irrigated environment Roundup (2 pt/A), Bladex (1.5 pt/A), Caparol (1.5 pt/A), Direx (1.5 pt/A), Valor (2 oz/A) ab a b b ab
PPT Slide Roundup Ultra (1 qt/A) + Caparol (1.5 pt/A)
PPT Slide Glyphosate preferred for grasses and perennials Otherwise, conventional chemistry preferred 1. Better morningglory and dayflower control 2. Residual weed control 3. Resistant management strategy 4. Avoid weed shifts 5. Reduce risk of boll shed Should I Direct Glyphosate in RR Cotton?
Breakout Session Objectives 1. New labels or uses 2. RR cotton tolerance to glyphosate 3. Managing weeds that are difficult to control in RR cotton 4. Glyphosate/tank mixes 5. Replacing Bladex
PPT Slide Manufacturing ceased in 1999 Availability in 2001: 0, 40, 50????? Bladex label: May not be sold or distributed after Sept. 30, 2002. May not be used after December 31, 2002. Do not apply more than 1.0 qt/A (1.0 lb ai/A). An enclosed cab is required. Cyanazine Availability
PPT Slide Controls most troublesome broadleaf weeds when mixed with MSMA Cotton tolerance acceptable if applied timely and precisely Residual weed control for several weeks Cyanazine (Bladex, Cy-Pro)
PPT Slide Other mid-season post-directed herbicide options: 1) Dual 2) Prowl 3) MSMA or DSMA 4) Cobra 5) Harvade 6) Goal 7) fluometuron (Cotoran, Meturon) 8) prometryn (Caparol, Cotton-Pro) 9) diuron (Karmex, Direx) Replace Cyanazine?
Smallflower Morningglory Control by Conventional Layby Herbicides. Turner Co., 2000.* % control 64 81 90 64 97 99 78 LSD = 13 91 76 *Morningglory 6 to 8 inches. Ratings taken 30 days after directing in 8 to 10 inch cotton. Bladex, Caparol, Cotoran, and Direx applied at 2 pt/A. Cobra, Harvade, Linex, MSMA, and Valor applied at 9.6 oz/A, 9 oz/A, 1.5 pt/A, 2.67 pt/A, and 2 oz/A, respectively.
Tropic Croton Control by Conventional Layby Herbicides. Turner Co., 2000.* % control *Croton 2 to 6 inches. Ratings taken 30 days after directing in 8 to 10 inch cotton. Bladex, Caparol, Cotoran, and Direx applied at 2 pt/A. Cobra, Harvade, Linex, MSMA, and Valor applied at 9.6 oz/A, 9 oz/A, 1.5 pt/A, 2.67 pt/A, and 2 oz/A, respectively. 60 83 97 55 92 99 67 LSD = 12 91 61
Sicklepod Control Comparison of Caparol and Direx. Tifton, 2000.* % control *All treatments included MSMA at 2 lb ai/A and 0.25% v/v NIS.
Smallflower Morningglory Control Comparison of Caparol and Direx. Tifton, 2000.* % control *All treatments included MSMA at 2 lb ai/A and 0.25% v/v NIS.
Palmer Amaranth Control Comparison of Caparol and Direx. Tifton, 2000.* % control *All treatments included MSMA at 2 lb ai/A and 0.25% v/v NIS.
Hemp Sesbania Control Comparison of Caparol and Direx. Tifton, 2000.* % control *All treatments included MSMA at 2 lb ai/A and 0.25% v/v NIS.
PPT Slide Other mid-season post-directed herbicide options: prometryn (Caparol, Cotton-Pro) diuron (Karmex, Direx) Weed control - most weeds? Residual weed control - most weeds? Carryover? experiments being conducted Replace Cyanazine?
Breakout Session Objectives 1. New labels or uses 2. RR cotton tolerance to glyphosate 3. Managing weeds that are difficult to control in RR cotton 4. Glyphosate/tank mixes 5. Replacing Bladex 6. Cadre carryover
PPT Slide Cadre carryover Non-treated
PPT Slide Cadre Carryover 11 cultivars compared for tolerance including Delta Pearl, DP 33 B, DP 5415, DP 458, ST 4892, STX 9903, BXN 47, FM 989, AP 6101, GA 161, SG 125. 1) no difference in plant stand 2) visual injury similar among cultivars 3) vigor reductions similar among cultivars 4) plant height reductions similar among cultivars
Breakout Session Objectives 1. New labels or uses 2. RR cotton tolerance to glyphosate 3. Managing weeds that are difficult to control in RR cotton 4. Glyphosate/tank mixes 5. Replacing Bladex 6. Cadre carryover 7. DNA application timing in strip-till
PPT Slide Large Crabgrass Control by Various Application Methods of Prowl. Rocky Mount, NC. 2000.* % control 14 b 66 a ACY Early pre-plant Before strip-tillage 79 a After planting *Roundup applied early pre-plant and at planting. Ratings taken 16 days after planting. EPP applied 21 d prior to planting.
PPT Slide Slender Amaranth Control by Various Application Methods of Prowl. Clayton, NC. 2000.* % control 40 c 66 b *Roundup applied early pre-plant and at planting. Ratings taken 28 days after planting. EPP applied 21 d prior to planting. ACY Early pre-plant After planting 97 a Before strip-tillage
Breakout Session Objectives 1. New labels or uses 2. RR cotton tolerance to glyphosate 3. Managing weeds that are difficult to control in RR cotton 4. Glyphosate/tank mixes 5. Replacing Bladex 6. Cadre carryover 7. DNA application timing in strip-till 8. Layby applications in liquid N
Cotton Injury from Directed Herbicides in Water and Water/N Mixtures. Tifton, 2000.* *All treatments included MSMA at 2 lb ai/A. N mixtures were half water and half 30% N. Ratings taken 3 wk after treatment. Cotton 8 to 10 inches at time of application. LSD = 7 % injury
Things to Come 1. Valor 2. Liberty Link Cotton 3. CGA 362-622 4. Enhanced Roundup Ready Cotton