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Comparing MB Alternatives In Large Acreage On Farm Trials (2008)

AUTHOR
Culpepper, Webster, Rucker, Sumner, Beard, Langston, Mayfield

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
  1. Comparing MB Alternatives In Large Acreage On Farm Trials (2008)
  2. Potential MB Alternatives
  3. 2007 On Farm Replicated MB Alternative Trials
  4. Treatments
  5. Photo
  6. Fumigant Rates in Broadcast
  7. MB, MIDAS, DMDS application 8" deep
  8. Telone II Application 12 to 14" deep
  9. Chloropicrin placed 8 inches deep
  10. Metam Application with blades 4" apart applying metam 4" deep
  11. Photo
  12. Plot size and Replications
  13. Measurements taken
  14. Photo
  15. Measurements taken
  16. Photo
  17. Photo
  18. 876 pepper bins harvested
  19. Photo
  20. Photo
  21. Photo
  22. Weed Response to Methyl Bromide Alternatives. Spring 2007
  23. Weed Response to Methyl Bromide Alternatives. Spring 2007
  24. Number of Nutsedge Plants/A with MB Alternatives in Pepper. Spring 2007
  25. Number of Amaranth Plants/A with MB Alternatives in Pepper. Spring 2007
  26. Photo
  27. Root-Knot Nematode Response to MB Alternatives. Spring 2007
  28. Bell Pepper Heights Comparing Methyl Bromide Alternatives. Spring 2007
  29. Photo
  30. Boxes of Bell Pepper for Total Harvest. Data presented as % of MB. Location 1
  31. Boxes of Bell Pepper for Total Harvest. Data presented as % of MB. Location 2
  32. Boxes of Bell Pepper for Total Harvest. Data presented as % of MB. Location 3
  33. Costs of Fumigant and Mulch.
  34. Pepper Fruit Value, Spring 2007.
  35. Bell Pepper Value for Total Harvest As A Percent of MB
  36. CONCLUSIONS FOR PEPPER
  37. Fall Cucumbers
  38. Treatments between spring and fall crops
  39. Weeds Present in Fall Cucumber
  40. Weeds Present in Fall Cucumber
  41. Number of Nutsedge Plants/A with MB Alternatives in Pepper. Fall 2007
  42. Number of Pigweed Plants/A with MB Alternatives in Pepper. Fall 2007
  43. Root-Knot Nematode Response to MB Alternatives. Fall 2007
  44. CUCUMBER YIELDS
  45. Cucumber Fruit Value Per Box, Fall 2007
  46. CUCUMBER YIELDS
  47. Value of Cucumber as a Percent of the MB. Fall 2007
  48. Returns of Spring Pepper and Cucumber as a Percent of the MB. Fall 2007
  49. CONCLUSIONS SPRING PEPPER FOLLOWED BY FALL CUCUMBER
  50. Are these alternatives sustainable?
  51. Long term impacts of fumigant systems on nutsedge populations per acre
  52. Long term impacts of fumigant systems on nutsedge populations per acre
  53. DMDS 74 G, LDPE vs DMDS 56 G, VIF
  54. DMDS 60 G, VIF vs DMDS 70 G, LDPE
  55. DMDS 60 G, VIF vs MB
  56. ON FARM COOPERATORS
  57. Support



SLIDE CONTENTS
  1. University of Georgia Tifton Campus Culpepper, Webster, Rucker, Sumner, Beard, Langston, Mayfield Comparing MB Alternatives In Large Acreage On Farm Trials (2008)
  2. Potential MB Alternatives MIDAS 67:33 (methyl iodide + chloropicrin) DMDS 79:21 (dimethyl disulfide + chloropic.) Telone II fb chloropicrin fb Vapam (3 WAY)
  3. 2007 On Farm Replicated MB Alternative Trials 2007
  4. Treatments Fumigant and mulch options: 3 WAY under LDPE MIDAS under VIF DMDS under LDPE MB under LDPE
  6. Fumigant Rates in Broadcast *Gal of Telone II/ Lbs of chloropcirin/ Gal. of Vapam
  7. MB, MIDAS, DMDS application 8” deep
  8. Telone II Application 12 to 14 “ deep
  9. Chloropicrin placed 8 inches deep
  10. Metam Application with blades 4” apart applying metam 4” deep
  12. Plot size: 3 rows by 1200 feet, 700 feet or 600 feet Replications: 4 at each location Pepper as spring crop and cucumber as fall crop
  13. Measurements taken: Weeds emerging through mulch or plant hole
  15. Measurements taken: Weeds emerging through mulch or plant hole Crop heights or runner lengths Pathogens Nematodes Yield (2 to 4 times for both crops)
  18. 876 pepper bins harvested
  22. Weed Response to Methyl Bromide Alternatives. Spring 2007 Pitted morningglory: (2 loc) Smallflower morningglory: (2 loc) Pink purslane: (2 loc) Carpetweed: (1 loc) Nutsedge: (2 loc) Amaranth: (2 loc)
  23. Weed Response to Methyl Bromide Alternatives. Spring 2007 Pitted morningglory: (2 loc) Smallflower morningglory: (2 loc) Pink purslane: (2 loc) Carpetweed: (1 loc) Nutsedge: (2 loc) Amaranth: (2 loc)
  24. Number of Nutsedge Plants/A with MB Alternatives in Pepper. Spring 2007.*
  25. Number of Amaranth Plants/A with MB Alternatives in Pepper. Spring 2007.*
  27. Root-Knot Nematode Response to MB Alternatives. Spring 2007.* *Number of nematodes per 100 cm3 soil.
  28. Bell Pepper Heights Comparing Methyl Bromide Alternatives. Spring 2007.* *Heights taken 3 to 5 WAP.
  30. Boxes of Bell Pepper for Total Harvest. Data presented as % of MB. Location 1.* *Data totaled over three harvests. MB fruit: Jumbo (14%), X-Large (32%), Large (27%), and Chopper (26%).
  31. Boxes of Bell Pepper for Total Harvest. Data presented as % of MB. Location 2.* *Data totaled over two harvests. MB fruit: Jumbo (17%), X-Large (54%), Large (9%), and Chopper (20%).
  32. Boxes of Bell Pepper for Total Harvest. Data presented as % of MB. Location 3.* *Data totaled over four harvests. For MB, fruit was Jumbo (60%), X-Large (23%), Large (7%), and Chopper (10%).
  33. Costs of Fumigant and Mulch.* *Charge of $35 added to 3 way for additional application costs.
  34. Pepper Fruit Value, Spring 2007. Jumbo ($9.69) X-Large ($9.23) Large ($9.68) Chopper ($5.50)
  35. Bell Pepper Value for Total Harvest As A Percent of MB* *Prices for pepper size are as follows: Jumbo ($9.69), X-Large ($9.23), Large ($9.68), Chopper ($5.50).
  36. CONCLUSIONS FOR PEPPER MIDAS: could be drop in replacement for methyl bromide but currently not economical 3 WAY: effective alternative for MB in the spring and will cause a change in fruiting structure DMDS: not as effective as MB applied under LDPE mulch
  37. Fall Cucumbers
  38. Treatments between spring and fall crops Metam: 20 – 30 gal all locations Telone EC: 1 location Glyphosate or paraquat: all locations
  39. Weeds Present in Fall Cucumber Pitted morningglory: (2 loc) Smallflower morningglory: (2 loc) Pink purslane: (2 loc) Nutsedge: (3 loc) Amaranth: (3 loc)
  40. Pitted morningglory: (2 loc) Smallflower morningglory: (2 loc) Pink purslane: (2 loc) Nutsedge: (3 loc) Amaranth: (3 loc) Weeds Present in Fall Cucumber
  41. Number of Nutsedge Plants/A with MB Alternatives in Pepper. Fall 2007.*
  42. Number of Pigweed Plants/A with MB Alternatives in Pepper. Fall 2007.*
  43. Root-Knot Nematode Response to MB Alternatives. Fall 2007.* *Number of nematodes per 100 cm3 soil.
  44. CUCUMBER YIELDS No differences in maturity or yield with any harvest and any location.
  45. Cucumber Fruit Value Per Box, Fall 2007. Super ($12.50) Select ($8.00) Small ($10.00) Large ($6.00) Carton ($4.00)
  46. CUCUMBER YIELDS No differences in maturity or yields. No differences in value.
  47. Value of Cucumber as a Percent of the MB. Fall 2007.*
  48. Returns of Spring Pepper and Cucumber as a Percent of the MB. Fall 2007.* *Determined by adding value of pepper and cucumber and subtracting cost of fumigant and mulch.
  49. CONCLUSIONS SPRING PEPPER FOLLOWED BY FALL CUCUMBER MIDAS: could be drop in replacement for methyl bromide but currently not the most economical option 3 WAY: effective alternative for MB in the spring DMDS: not as effective as MB when applied under LDPE mulch
  50. Are these alternatives sustainable?
  51. Long term impacts of fumigant systems on nutsedge populations per acre.* *Long term study with spring pepper and fall cucumber treated with same fumigant each year. Herbicides applied b/w crops.
  52. Long term impacts of fumigant systems on nutsedge populations per acre.* *Long term study with spring pepper and fall cucumber treated with same fumigant each year. Herbicides applied b/w crops.
  53. DMDS 74 G, LDPE DMDS 56 G, VIF
  54. DMDS 60 G, VIF DMDS 70 G, LDPE
  55. DMDS 60 G, VIF MB
  56. ON FARM COOPERATORS Bill Brim, LTF Martin Flora, SVP Russ Hamlin, CF
  57. Support from: 1. MB area wide project 2. CSREES Transition All Fumigant Manufacturers Hendrix and Dail