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TITLE    (click title to view slides)
Weed Control in the Landscape - A presentation for Master Gardeners

AUTHOR
Mark Czarnota,  Eric P. Prostko
The University of Georgia
College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
  1. Weed Control in the Landscape
  2. Attractive, Functional Landscape
  3. Weeds interfere with the health and beauty of landscaped area
  4. What is a Weed?
  5. Chinese Privet; Kudza
  6. Why Control?
  7. Reason Weeds Survive
  8. Common Weeds
  9. Weed Life Cycles
  10. Seed Germination Factors
  11. Weed Seed Production
  12. Weeds can be a problem 12 months a year!
  13. Summer annual grasses
  14. Crabgrass
  15. Goosegrass
  16. Winter annuals
  17. Annual bluegrass
  18. Common chickweed
  19. Henbit
  20. Hairy bittercress
  21. Summer annual broadleaf weeds
  22. Prostrate spurge
  23. Perennial broadleaf weeds
  24. Dandelion
  25. Wild violet
  26. Pennywort or Dollarweed
  27. Perennial grassy weeds
  28. Wild garlic
  29. Purple and Yellow Nutsedge
  30. Dallisgrass
  31. Control vs. Eradication
  32. Weed Management Strategy
  33. Preventive Methods
  34. Physical Removal and Barriers
  35. Hand Pulling and Hoeing
  36. Mowing
  37. Cultivation
  38. Repeat cultivation to control each flush of weeds
  39. Mulches and Landscape Fabrics
  40. Cultural Methods
  41. Biological Methods
  42. Chemical Methods
  43. Herbicide Classification
  44. Herbicide Classification
  45. Herbicide Classification
  46. Preemergence Herbicide Application Dates
  47. Advantages Postemergence Herbicides
  48. Postemergence Herbicide Precautions
  49. Before You Use Herbicide
  50. Turfgrass Herbicides
  51. Preemergent Turfgrass Herbicides
  52. Postemergent Turfgrass Herbicides
  53. 2,4-D Mixtures
  54. MSMA DSMA CMA
  55. Sethoxydim
  56. Atrazine
  57. Turfgrass Fertilizer/Herbicide Combinations
  58. Herbicides for use in Ornamentals
  59. Preemergent Herbicides
  60. Postemergent Herbicides
  61. Equipment
  62. Equipment
  63. Calibration
  64. Calibration
  65. Calibration and Application
  66. Weed management program
  67. Always read and follow the herbicide label!
  68. Turfgrass Web Page
  69. College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences



SLIDE CONTENTS
  1. Weed Control in the Landscape Developed by Mark Czarnota and Tim Murphy The University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences
  2. Attractive, Functional Landscape
  4. What is a Weed? Plant out of place Plants causing economic loss Non-native plant (Privet, Ligustrum spp.) Plants whose virtues have not been discovered
  5. Chinese Privet (Ligustrum sinense) Kudza (Pueraria lobata)
  6. Why Control? Plant competition Prevent economic loss Hosts for insects and diseases Maintain landscape beauty
  7. Reason Weeds Survive Hard seed coat, deep burial, germination inhibitors, prolific seed production Persistent vegetative structures: Bulbs, tubers, rhizomes, stolons, and corms.
  8. Common Weeds
  9. Weed Life Cycles Annual: Completes growth cycle in a single growing season (crabgrass). Perennial: A plant that can persist more than two years, and reproduce through roots or seeds (clover). Biennial: A plant that normally requires two growing seasons to complete its life cycle, flowering and fruiting in its second year (wild carrot).
  10. Seed Germination Factors Oxygen Light Scarification (physical removal of the seed coat) Temperature Water
  11. Weed Seed Production Seed / Plant Pigweed >200,000 Lambsquarters >30,000 Crabgrass 53,000 Annual Bluegrass 2,000
  12. Weeds can be a problem 12 months a year!
  13. Summer annual grasses
  14. Southern crabgrass Smooth crabgrass
  15. Goosegrass
  16. Winter annuals
  17. Annual bluegrass Boat shaped leaf tip
  18. Common chickweed
  19. henbit Henbit
  20. Hairy bittercress
  21. Summer annual broadleaf weeds
  22. Prostrate spurge Milky sap
  23. Perennial broadleaf weeds
  24. Dandelion
  25. Wild violet
  26. Pennywort or Dollarweed
  27. Perennial grassy weeds
  28. Wild garlic bulbs and bulblets
  29. Purple and Yellow Nutsedge Leaf tips differ Yellow nutsedge flower Purple nutsedge flower Purple nutsedge rhizome tuber system
  30. Dallisgrass
  31. Control vs. Eradication Control - Process of limiting a weed infestation to a desirable level. Eradication - Elimination of all plants and plant parts.
  32. Weed Management Strategy Identify weed, life cycle, habitat Integrated Pest Management Preventive Physical Cultural Biological Chemical
  33. Preventive Methods Weed-free seed and plant material Screened and sterilized topsoil and soil amendments Keep equipment clean
  34. Physical Removal and Barriers Hoeing and hand removal Mowing Cultivation Mulches and landscape fabrics
  35. Good control method for small weeds Generally easier to control annuals Hand Pulling and Hoeing
  36. Mowing Useful in turf and pastures Mowing reduces seed production of weeds if done before flowering.
  37. Cultivation Disadvantages: Can be expensive, delayed by weather, and may prune crop roots Advantages: Controls most weeds quickly and easily
  38. Repeat cultivation to control each flush of weeds.
  39. Fabrics type affects the degree of weed suppression. Straw, wood chips, pine straw, newsprint, and other organic materials prevent the emergence of weeds and enhance the organic matter content. Mulches and Landscape Fabrics
  40. Cultural Methods Adapted plants Fertility and pH Water management Insect and disease control
  41. Biological Methods Living organisms for weed control Insect (thistle weevil) Grazing animals (Geese) Fish (Grass carp)
  42. Chemical Methods Herbicide - chemical that is used to control, suppress or kill weeds.
  43. Herbicide Classification Preemergence: Applied before weed seed germination (trifluralin). Generally no control of emerged weeds. Postemergence: Applied after weed emergence. Generally no control of unemerged weeds.
  44. Herbicide Classification Contact: Causes localized plant tissue injury. Does not readily move through the plant (glufosinate) Systemic: Readily moves through the plant tissue (glyphosate)
  45. Herbicide Classification Selective: Kills some plant species, but does not damage others (2,4-D) Nonselective: Generally kills all plant species (glyphosate)
  46. Preemergence Herbicide Application Dates Fall - Sept 1 – Oct 1, N.GA - Oct 1 – Nov 1, S.GA Spring - Mar 1 – Apr 1, N.GA - Feb 15 - Mar 15, S.GA
  47. Advantages Postemergence Herbicides Flexible application time Spot treatment Small containers Fits well into IPM programs
  48. Postemergence Herbicide Precautions Avoid windy days (spray drift) Do not apply dicamba mixtures over the root zone of ornamental trees and shrubs Read the label
  49. Before You Use Herbicide Identify weed. Read and UNDERSTAND label . Follow directions carefully. Use only recommended amount! Maintain and calibrate equipment. Do not use on desirable plants not listed on label.
  50. Turfgrass Herbicides
  51. Preemergent Turfgrass Herbicides Annual grass control in all turfgrasses Balan (benefin) Surflan (oryzalin) XL (benefin + oryzalin) Team Pro (benefin + trifluralin) Halts (pendimethalin) Dimension (dithiopyr)
  52. Postemergent Turfgrass Herbicides
  53. 2,4-D Mixtures Does not control weedy grasses Good - dandelion, plantains, wild garlic Poor to fair – common chickweed, henbit Use on all turfgrasses except St. Augustine Example = Weed-B-Gon
  54. MSMA DSMA CMA Postemergence control of weedy grasses Use in tall fescue, zoysia, bermuda Initially discolor tolerant turfgrass species Avoid application above 90o F Do not use on centipede and St. Augustine Example = Ortho Crabgrass Killer Formula II
  55. Sethoxydim Controls crabgrass, goosegrass, and sandbur Suppresses bahiagrass Use only on centipedegrass Example = Vantage
  56. Atrazine Can be used on: Centipede, St. Augustine, Zoysia Dormant bermudagrass Cool-season grasses and bahiagrass are not tolerant Comes in both sprayable and granular formulations Depending on the weed, atrazine has both pre and post emergence activity
  57. Turfgrass Fertilizer/Herbicide Combinations Fertilizers can be combined with either pre- or postemergence herbicides. Created so you don’t have to make separate applications of fertilizers and herbicides. Products available from many manufactures selling nearly identical products.
  58. Herbicides for use in Ornamentals
  59. Preemergent Herbicides Surflan (oryzalin) Treflan (trifluralin) Snapshot (trifluralin and isoxaben) XL (benefin and oryzalin) Casoron (dichlobenil)
  60. Postemergent Herbicides Vantage (sethoxydim) Grass-B-Gon (fluazifop-P) Roundup (glyphosate) Finale (glufosinate) Sharpshooter (Potassium salts of fatty acids)
  61. Equipment Hand pump Sprayer Handheld rotary spreader
  62. Equipment Drop spreader Broadcast spreader
  63. Calibration Hand held granular spreaders: Know the size of the area to be treated Weight out granular herbicide needed for that area Uniformly apply the pre-weighted granular herbicide to the designated area
  64. Calibration Push type drop and broadcast spreaders: Many companies sell spreaders to go along with there granular herbicides (i.e. Scott’s, Lesco, etc.). There granular herbicide products will have the appropriate spreader setting listed on the bag.
  65. Pump type sprayers: Calibration and Application Measure the area to be treated. Using the herbicide label, determine the amount of herbicide needed. Measure out herbicide. Mix water and herbicide concentrate. Pressurize sprayer, and uniformly apply herbicide solution to the are. Hand pump sprayer
  66. Weed management program Diagnose problem Evaluate methods Select method Initiate program
  67. Always read and follow the herbicide label!
  68. Turfgrass Web Page www.georgiaturf.com or .org Photographs of major weeds Control recommendations Popular articles, fact sheets Links to pertinent sites