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Culpepper, York, Marshall

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
  1. Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer amaranth in the Southeast
  2. Distribution of Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer Amaranth - Southeastern US
  3. Distribution of Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer Amaranth - Southeastern US
  4. Distribution of Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer Amaranth - Southeastern US
  5. Distribution of Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer Amaranth - Southeastern US
  6. Distribution of Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer Amaranth - Southeastern US
  7. Georgia County Extension Survey Determining the Impact of GR Palmer on Cotton Production
  8. Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer amaranth infestation levels in Georgia
  9. Georgia County Extension Survey
  10. Georgia Counties with Severe GR Palmer amaranth Infestations
  11. Impact of GR Palmer amaranth in Georgia counties with severe infestations
  12. Impact of GR Palmer amaranth in Georgia counties with severe infestations
  13. Why??
  14. Lack of herbicide activation in dryland production?
  15. May 2008 Rainfall Distribution in Tifton
  16. Most Palmer amaranth emerges from top 2.5 cm
  17. Tillage
  18. Palmer amaranth seedling density
  19. No Deep Tillage vs Deep Turned
  20. Cultivation
  21. Glyphosate 3 lb ae + Pyrithiobac 0.25 lb (Palmer 3 inch at time of application)
  22. Why??
  23. Hand weeding
  24. In-field pollen movement
  25. Number of Seed Produced per Plant - Glyphosate-Resistant Weeds in US
  26. Why??
  27. Dryland Conservation Tillage
  28. Georgia Cotton OVTs - 2008
  29. Georgia Counties with Light to Moderate GR Palmer amaranth Infestations
  30. Impact of GR Palmer amaranth in Georgia counties with light to moderate infestations
  31. Impact of GR Palmer amaranth in Georgia counties with light to moderate infestations
  32. Glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth infestation levels in Georgia
  33. Impact of GR Palmer amaranth in Georgia counties with light to no infestations
  34. Cover crop
  35. Impact of GR Palmer amaranth in Georgia counties with light to no infestations
  36. Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer amaranth - 2006 vs 2008
  37. Herbicide Expenses per Acre
  38. Prevention and Early Detection are Essential!
  39. What's replacing the glyphosate applications?
  40. Percent Acres Treated with MSMA
  41. Impact of GR Palmer on North Carolina and South Carolina
  42. Questions or Comments?



SLIDE CONTENTS
  1. Glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth in the Southeast Culpepper, York, Marshall
  2. Georgia County Extension Survey Determining the Impact of GR Palmer on Cotton Production Survey sent to 20 counties during fall of 2008. Results reported with counties broken in three levels (severe, light to moderate, none to light).
  3. Glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth infestation levels in Georgia. Severe (>60% land infested) Light to moderate infestations (20 to 60% land infested) Light infestations (<20% land infested)
  4. Georgia County Extension Survey Survey sent to 20 counties during fall of 2008. Results reported with counties broken in three levels (severe, light to moderate, none to light). Results weighted by cotton acreage.
  5. Georgia Counties with Severe GR Palmer amaranth Infestations. Severe
  6. Impact of GR Palmer amaranth in Georgia counties with severe infestations.* 92 25 25 2.0 2.7 88 Acres (%) treated with yellow herbicide Acres (%) treated with additional residual herbicide Number of glyphosate applications *Average of Macon, Taylor, Sumpter, Schley, and Dooly counties
  7. 83 26 5 % acres 48 20 0 0 45 *Average of Macon, Taylor, Sumpter, Schley, and Dooly counties Strip-tillage Herbicide Incorp. Glufos. systems 0 Cultivation Hand weeding 0 Impact of GR Palmer amaranth in Georgia counties with severe infestations.*
  8. Why???? Reducing conservation tillage? Increasing tillage?
  9. Lack of herbicide activation in dryland production?
  10. May 2008 Rainfall Distribution in Tifton (CPES) Prostko 2009 0.33” 0.02” 1.4” Herbicide activated
  11. Most Palmer amaranth emerges from top 2.5 cm
  12. Palmer amaranth seedling density
  13. No Deep Tillage Deep Turned Prowl H20 + Reflex PRE; WeatherMax + Dual Magnum POST; Direx + MSMA Layby
  14. Glyphosate 3 lb ae + Pyrithiobac 0.25 lb (Palmer 3 inch at time of application) No cultivation Cultivation
  15. Why???? Reducing conservation tillage? Increasing tillage? Why so much hand weeding?
  16. In-field pollen movement
  17. 230 K 250 28 K 309 K Giant ragweed 450 K Number of Seed Produced per Plant Glyphosate-Resistant Weeds in US Ragweed = Harrison et al. 2001; johnsongrass = Warwick and Black (1983); horseweed = Regehr and Bazzaz (1979); waterhemp = Nordby and Hartzler (2004); Palmer amaranth = Macrae et al (2009). Johnson-grass Horseweed Waterhemp Palmer amaranth
  18. Why???? Reducing conservation tillage? Increasing tillage? Why so much hand weeding? Why switching to glufosinate based program?
  19. Dryland Conservation Tillage Pendimethalin + fomesafen PRE Glyphosate + S-metolachlor POST Diuron + MSMA PD Pendimethalin + fomesafen PRE Glufosinate + S-metolachlor POST Diuron + MSMA PD
  20. Georgia Cotton OVTs – 2008 Plains and Tifton Dryland Production
  21. Light to moderate infestations Georgia Counties with Light to Moderate GR Palmer amaranth Infestations.
  22. Impact of GR Palmer amaranth in Georgia counties with light to moderate infestations.* 95 61 75 1.8 2.2 95 Acres (%) treated with yellow herbicide Acres (%) treated with additional residual herbicide Number of glyphosate applications *Average of Crisp, Lee, and Wilcox counties.
  23. 45 5 % acres 45 25 0 0 35 Strip-tillage Glufosinatesystems Cultivation Hand weeding 0 Impact of GR Palmer amaranth in Georgia counties with light to moderate infestations.* *Average of Crisp, Lee, and Wilcox counties.
  24. Lighter infestations Glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth infestation levels in Georgia.
  25. 30 2 % acres 60 12 22 0 37 Strip-tillage Glufosinatesystems Cultivation Hand weeding 1 Impact of GR Palmer amaranth in Georgia counties with light to no infestations.* *Average of Randolf, Colquitt, Turner, Berrien, Cook, Pulaski, Seminole.
  26. Impact of GR Palmer amaranth in Georgia counties with light to no infestations.* 91 35 70 1.7 2.3 71 Acres (%) treated with yellow herbicide Acres (%) treated with additional residual herbicide Number of glyphosate applications *Average of Randolf, Colquitt, Turner, Berrien, Cook, Pulaski, Seminole.
  27. 2006 Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer amaranth 2008
  28. Herbicide Expenses per Acre.* 33 52 *Average of 10 counties responding. Does not included cultivation and hand weeding expenses. $
  29. Prevention and Early Detection are Essential!!!!
  30. What’s replacing the glyphosate applications? Averaged over all counties, glyphosate applications were reduced from 2.4 to 1.8 applications in crop. Some glufosinate in severely infested fields. Primarily conventional mixtures at layby including MSMA?
  31. Percent Acres Treated with MSMA. Georgia Cotton 2008* 15 15 *N = 90 (70% grower, 15% Extension, and 15% consultant). 34 9 16 11
  32. Impact of GR Palmer on North Carolina and South Carolina % Change in Conserv. Tillage: 0 -5 % Glufosinate Systems: 1 5 % Cultivation: 3 5 % Hand weeding: 17 50 % A treated w/Yellow: 40 75 % A treated with add. Herb: 40 55 NC SC
  33. Questions or Comments?