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- 2014: Cotton Weed Update for Alabama Growers Stanley Culpepper UGA Tifton Campus
- We Getting Better!!! 2010 2012 *Conditions first six wk after planting drier during 2012 than 2010.
- Management Very Good But Very Costly!!! Georgia cotton growers = $100 million per year since 2008
- Tremendous Populations
- Why More Effective….Growers Are More knowledgeable Diversified Manage seedbank Timely
- 1. BIOLOGY of pest in question Knowledgeable
- Rapid Growth Becoming Extremely Large
- Impact on Harvest
- 230 K 250 28 K 309 K Giant ragweed 450 K Number of Seed Produced per Plant Ragweed = Harrison et al. 2001; johnsongrass = Warwick and Black (1983); horseweed = Regehr and Bazzaz (1979); waterhemp = Nordby and Hartzler (2004); Palmer amaranth = Macrae et al (2009). Johnson-grass Horseweed Waterhemp Palmer amaranth
- Palmer amaranth seed production allows for rapid field domination Year 1 Year 3 to 4
- Weakness of Pigweeds Emergence depth! Seed life longevity? Light requirement for emergence.
- Non-treated control Hoelon 2X rate
- Non-treated control PowerFlex 3X rate or Osprey at 3X rate
- Non-treated control Axial XL 2X rate
- Non-treated control Was A Future Product
- BIOLOGY of pest in question Herbicide effectiveness Knowledgeable
- 48 d 34 e 39 de 1 hr before sunrise 66 c Palmer Control by Liberty System as Influenced by Time of Day. Late-Season in GA, LA, MS, NC, TN. Time of Day Liberty was Applied % 93 a 90 ab 82 b 93 a 1/2 hr before sunrise 1 hr after sunrise 2 hr after sunrise 4 hr after sunrise 6 hr after sunrise sunrise 1/2 hr after sunrise *Liberty POST 1 (5” Palmer), Liberty POST 2 (15 d later), Diuron + MSMA layby
- Liberty Application Time of Day; Morning Application; GA 2 hr or after
- 99 a 99 a 99 a 6 hr before sunset 99 a Palmer Control by Liberty as Influenced by Time of Day. Late-Season in GA and NC. Time of Day Liberty was Applied % 69 c 91 b 97 a 64 c 4 hr before sunset 1/2 hr before sunset sunset 1/2 hr after sunset 1 hr after sunset 2 hr before sunset 1 hr before sunset *Liberty POST 1 (5” Palmer), Liberty POST 2 (18 d later), Diuron + MSMA layby
- Time of Day Influence on 2,4-D
- 93 a 32 b 39 b 89 a Palmer Control by RU + 2,4-D Systems. Macon County, 2011 and 2012. Time of Day RU + 2,4-D Applied % 7 PM POST 1 (5-8” Palmer), POST 2 (15 d later), Diuron + MSMA layby 1 PM 7 AM 1 AM
- 2,4-D w/ glyphosate fb 2,4-D w/ glyphosate 7 AM 2,4-D w/ glyphosate fb 2,4-D w/ glyphosate 1 PM GR Palmer Control
- 89 a 74 b 72 b 5 AM 90 a Palmer Control by Dicamba Mixes as Influenced by Time of Day. Macon 2013. 20 DAT. Time of Day RU + Clarity Applied % 93 a 6:30 AM 11 AM 8 AM 9:30 AM Palmer: 4 to 7 inch
- 6:30 AM Roundup + Clarity 8:00 AM
- 8 AM 11 AM Roundup WeatherMax
- 8 AM 11 AM Roundup WeatherMax HIGHLY RESISTANT POPULATION
- Warrant vs Dual Magnum Warrant 1. PRE use on cotton 2. Better in dry conditions 3. Variable injury POST Dual Magnum 1. No PRE use on cotton 2. Better with moisture 3. Consistent injury POST
- Palmer control from Warrant and Dual Magnum as impacted by moisture. 2012. 50 c Warrant 3 pt 83 b Dual Mag 1 pt 99 a No Palmer up at time of application. Control 23 to 33 DAT. Irrigated Immediately First rain 11 DAT (Palmer emerged with rain) Warrant 3 pt Dual Mag 1 pt 95 a 55 b
- Palmer control from acetochlor, S-metolachlor, and metolachlor. Macon Co., GA 2009. 50 c Warrant 3 pt 80 a S-metolachlor (Dual Mag, 1 pt) metolachlor (Parrlay, 1 pt) 77 a No Palmer up at time of application. Layby of RU + Direx applied 19 d after POST.
- Some herbicides can wait on rain as long as they don’t blow away Valor Reflex Staple
- Why More Effective….Growers Are More knowledgeable Diversified Manage seedbank Timely
- Evolution of Row Crop Weed Management 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2010 Cultural + Chemical + mechanical mechanical Chemical Mike Owen
- “Ideal” Integrated Weed Management Mechanical Cultural Herbicide Herbicide Mechanical Cultural Current Future Mike Owen
- Diversified Management Approach herbicide diversity, use residuals
- RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2014. APPLY VALOR AND/OR DIREX TO EVERY ACRE; ADD GRAMOXONE IF PIGWEED UP!!!
- RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2014. 1. Reflex rate of 12 oz. 2. Warrant rate 3 pt/A. 3. Direx rate 10 to 24 oz/A 4. Include burndown herbicide.
- RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2014.
- RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2014. If using Liberty/Roundup system and planning on using Liberty; Liberty POST 1 is almost always correct timing
- RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2014. Add Envoke if morningglory is issue. Suprend + MSMA just as effective.
- herbicide diversity; use residuals appropriate herbicide rates plant clean; Diversified Management Approach
- 40 ozs of Gly 4 -20 DAA Steckel 2012
- Glyphosate Resistant ryegrass Steckel 2012
- herbicide diversity; use residuals appropriate herbicide rates plant clean; be timely crop rotation when economical Diversified Management Approach
- herbicide diversity; use residuals appropriate herbicide rates plant clean; be timely crop rotation when economical Integrated programs- tillage, cover crops Diversified Management Approach
- Tillage is now a common scene
- No Deep Tillage Deep Turn No Herbicide Treatment Number of Palmer Amaranth Plants During Early Season. Macon Co., Georgia 2008.*
- Deep Turn Drilled
- Numerous Concerns With Tillage
- Rolling creates a mulch that is key to reducing Palmer amaranth emergence.
- 65 to 95% control in middle Rye Mulch Greatly Reduces Palmer Emergence
- Using Heavy Rye Covers For Sustainability Rye Cover Weedy Cover
- Potential Benefits for Georgia Growers Improved Palmer control Reduce herbicide input over time Protect herbicide chemistry Less labor (compared to tillage) Mitigate wind and water erosion Moisture conservation Likely higher yields on dryland Possibly reduce irrigation Reduces thrips damage Likely reduce impact from ryegrass and horseweed. HELP ME WITH NRCS!!!!
- herbicide diversity; use residuals appropriate herbicide rates plant clean; be timely seed bank management crop rotation when economical Integrated programs- tillage, cover crops and/or hand weeding Diversified Management Approach
- Why More Effective….Growers Are More knowledgeable Diversified Manage seedbank Timely
- York 2010 Hand Weeding 2010: GA: Herbicide input: $90 million
- Resistant Populations Can Build Up Quickly; Early Detection Critical Photo: A. Bradley Photo: A. York
- Why More Effective….Growers Are More knowledgeable Diversified Manage seedbank Timely
- Resistant Horseweed Issues Steckel 2013
- RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2014. For Georgia Growers, tell us when you plant and we will tell you when to apply POST and layby.
- Benefits and Concerns with Future Herbicide Tolerant Traits Stanley Culpepper UGA Cooperative Extension Tifton, GA
- The Balancing Act Risk Reward
- Problematic Weeds Palmer amaranth Waterhemp Horseweed Giant Ragweed Common Ragweed Ryegrass Johnsongrass Goosegrass Morningglory
- Future Technology Average RR Program 2010 2015/2016: New Technology: 2,4-D & dicamba flexibility consistency dryland or irrigated less hand weeding less carryover
- dicamba 0.5 lb; 8 inch Palmer 12 DAT 24 DAT
- 2012 Georgia Fruit and Vegetables Approximately 200,000 acres of veggies 45 different crops 3rd in U.S. vegetable production acres Farm Gate Value: $1,200,000,000
- Most Specialty Crops Are Very Sensitive to 2,4-D or Dicamba
- The Balancing Act Potentially more economically effective sustainable programs? Managing off-target movement
- Culpepper Future Cotton Programs (Seed Technology) Monsanto = Roundup, Liberty, Residuals, dicamba Dow = Roundup, Liberty, Residuals, 2,4-D choline Bayer = Roundup, Liberty, Residuals
- Percentage of Time Wind is < 10 MPH May 1 – June 30, 2012*
- Culpepper Future Cotton Programs (Seed Technology) Monsanto = Roundup, Liberty, Residuals, dicamba Dow = Roundup, Liberty, Residuals, 2,4-D choline Bayer = Roundup, Liberty, Residuals YIELD
- Comments?
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