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TABLE OF CONTENTS
  1. 2014: Cotton Weed Update for Alabama Growers
  2. We Getting Better!!!
  3. Management Very Good But Very Costly!!!
  4. Tremendous Populations
  5. Why More Effective
  6. Knowledgeable - 1. BIOLOGY of pest in question
  7. Rapid Growth Becoming Extremely Large
  8. Impact on Harvest
  9. Number of Seed Produced per Plant
  10. Palmer amaranth seed production allows for rapid field domination
  11. Weakness of Pigweeds
  12. Hoelon 2X rate
  13. PowerFlex or Osprey at 3X rate
  14. Axial XL 2X rate
  15. Was A Future Product
  16. Knowledgeable - 2. Herbicide effectiveness
  17. Photo
  18. Palmer Control by Liberty System as Influenced by Time of Day
  19. Liberty Application Time of Day; Morning Application; GA
  20. Palmer Control by Liberty as Influenced by Time of Day.
  21. Time of Day Influence on 2,4-D
  22. Palmer Control by RU + 2,4-D Systems
  23. GR Palmer Control - 2,4-D w/ glyphosate
  24. Palmer Control by Dicamba Mixes as Influenced by Time of Day
  25. Roundup + Clarity
  26. Roundup WeatherMax
  27. Roundup WeatherMax - HIGHLY RESISTANT POPULATION
  28. Warrant vs Dual Magnum
  29. Palmer control from Warrant and Dual Magnum as impacted by moisture
  30. Palmer control from acetochlor, S-metolachlor, and metolachlor
  31. Some herbicides can wait on rain as long as they don’t blow away
  32. Why More Effective - Growers Are Diversified
  33. Evolution of Row Crop Weed Management
  34. 'Ideal' Integrated Weed Management
  35. Diversified Management Approach
  36. RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2014. - Preplant
  37. RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2014. - PRE
  38. RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2014. - PRE
  39. RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2014. - POST1 and POST2
  40. RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2014. - Layby
  41. Diversified Management Approach - appropriate herbicide rates; plant clean
  42. 40 ozs of Gly 4 -20 DAA
  43. Glyphosate Resistant ryegrass
  44. Diversified Management Approach - crop rotation when economical
  45. Grain sorghum last year
  46. Impact of Crop Rotation and Good Control in Rotational Crop
  47. Diversified Management Approach - Integrated programs- tillage, cover crops
  48. Tillage is now a common scene
  49. Number of Palmer Amaranth Plants During Early Season with Deep Tillage
  50. Deep Turn vs Drilled
  51. Numerous Concerns With Tillage
  52. Rolling creates a mulch that is key to reducing Palmer amaranth emergence.
  53. Photo
  54. Rye Mulch Greatly Reduces Palmer Emergence
  55. Using Heavy Rye Covers For Sustainability
  56. Potential Benefits for Georgia Growers
  57. Diversified Management Approach - Hand weeding
  58. Why More Effective - Growers Manage seedbank
  59. Hand Weeding
  60. Biology of Palmer Amaranth
  61. Resistant Populations Can Build Up Quickly; Early Detection Critical
  62. WeedFreeNC
  63. Why More Effective - Growers Are Timely
  64. Resistant Horseweed Issues
  65. This is not a 4-inch pigweed!
  66. RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2014.
  67. Benefits and Concerns with Future Herbicide Tolerant Traits
  68. The Balancing Act - Risk vs Reward
  69. Problematic Weeds
  70. 2015/2016: New Technology: 2,4-D & dicamba
  71. dicamba 0.5 lb; 8 inch Palmer
  72. 2012 Georgia Fruit and Vegetables
  73. Most Specialty Crops Are Very Sensitive to 2,4-D or Dicamba
  74. The Balancing Act
  75. Culpepper Future Cotton Programs (Seed Technology)
  76. Percentage of Time Wind is < 10 MPH
  77. Culpepper Future Cotton Programs (Seed Technology) - Yield
  78. Comments?



SLIDE CONTENTS
  1. 2014: Cotton Weed Update for Alabama Growers Stanley Culpepper UGA Tifton Campus
  2. We Getting Better!!! 2010 2012 *Conditions first six wk after planting drier during 2012 than 2010.
  3. Management Very Good But Very Costly!!! Georgia cotton growers = $100 million per year since 2008
  4. Tremendous Populations
  5. Why More Effective….Growers Are More knowledgeable Diversified Manage seedbank Timely
  6. 1. BIOLOGY of pest in question Knowledgeable
  7. Rapid Growth Becoming Extremely Large
  8. Impact on Harvest
  9. 230 K 250 28 K 309 K Giant ragweed 450 K Number of Seed Produced per Plant Ragweed = Harrison et al. 2001; johnsongrass = Warwick and Black (1983); horseweed = Regehr and Bazzaz (1979); waterhemp = Nordby and Hartzler (2004); Palmer amaranth = Macrae et al (2009). Johnson-grass Horseweed Waterhemp Palmer amaranth
  10. Palmer amaranth seed production allows for rapid field domination Year 1 Year 3 to 4
  11. Weakness of Pigweeds Emergence depth! Seed life longevity? Light requirement for emergence.
  12. Non-treated control Hoelon 2X rate
  13. Non-treated control PowerFlex 3X rate or Osprey at 3X rate
  14. Non-treated control Axial XL 2X rate
  15. Non-treated control Was A Future Product
  16. BIOLOGY of pest in question Herbicide effectiveness Knowledgeable
  17. 48 d 34 e 39 de 1 hr before sunrise 66 c Palmer Control by Liberty System as Influenced by Time of Day. Late-Season in GA, LA, MS, NC, TN. Time of Day Liberty was Applied % 93 a 90 ab 82 b 93 a 1/2 hr before sunrise 1 hr after sunrise 2 hr after sunrise 4 hr after sunrise 6 hr after sunrise sunrise 1/2 hr after sunrise *Liberty POST 1 (5” Palmer), Liberty POST 2 (15 d later), Diuron + MSMA layby
  18. Liberty Application Time of Day; Morning Application; GA 2 hr or after
  19. 99 a 99 a 99 a 6 hr before sunset 99 a Palmer Control by Liberty as Influenced by Time of Day. Late-Season in GA and NC. Time of Day Liberty was Applied % 69 c 91 b 97 a 64 c 4 hr before sunset 1/2 hr before sunset sunset 1/2 hr after sunset 1 hr after sunset 2 hr before sunset 1 hr before sunset *Liberty POST 1 (5” Palmer), Liberty POST 2 (18 d later), Diuron + MSMA layby
  20. Time of Day Influence on 2,4-D
  21. 93 a 32 b 39 b 89 a Palmer Control by RU + 2,4-D Systems. Macon County, 2011 and 2012. Time of Day RU + 2,4-D Applied % 7 PM POST 1 (5-8” Palmer), POST 2 (15 d later), Diuron + MSMA layby 1 PM 7 AM 1 AM
  22. 2,4-D w/ glyphosate fb 2,4-D w/ glyphosate 7 AM 2,4-D w/ glyphosate fb 2,4-D w/ glyphosate 1 PM GR Palmer Control
  23. 89 a 74 b 72 b 5 AM 90 a Palmer Control by Dicamba Mixes as Influenced by Time of Day. Macon 2013. 20 DAT. Time of Day RU + Clarity Applied % 93 a 6:30 AM 11 AM 8 AM 9:30 AM Palmer: 4 to 7 inch
  24. 6:30 AM Roundup + Clarity 8:00 AM
  25. 8 AM 11 AM Roundup WeatherMax
  26. 8 AM 11 AM Roundup WeatherMax HIGHLY RESISTANT POPULATION
  27. Warrant vs Dual Magnum Warrant 1. PRE use on cotton 2. Better in dry conditions 3. Variable injury POST Dual Magnum 1. No PRE use on cotton 2. Better with moisture 3. Consistent injury POST
  28. Palmer control from Warrant and Dual Magnum as impacted by moisture. 2012. 50 c Warrant 3 pt 83 b Dual Mag 1 pt 99 a No Palmer up at time of application. Control 23 to 33 DAT. Irrigated Immediately First rain 11 DAT (Palmer emerged with rain) Warrant 3 pt Dual Mag 1 pt 95 a 55 b
  29. Palmer control from acetochlor, S-metolachlor, and metolachlor. Macon Co., GA 2009. 50 c Warrant 3 pt 80 a S-metolachlor (Dual Mag, 1 pt) metolachlor (Parrlay, 1 pt) 77 a No Palmer up at time of application. Layby of RU + Direx applied 19 d after POST.
  30. Some herbicides can wait on rain as long as they don’t blow away Valor Reflex Staple
  31. Why More Effective….Growers Are More knowledgeable Diversified Manage seedbank Timely
  32. Evolution of Row Crop Weed Management 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2010 Cultural + Chemical + mechanical mechanical Chemical Mike Owen
  33. “Ideal” Integrated Weed Management Mechanical Cultural Herbicide Herbicide Mechanical Cultural Current Future Mike Owen
  34. Diversified Management Approach herbicide diversity, use residuals
  35. RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2014. APPLY VALOR AND/OR DIREX TO EVERY ACRE; ADD GRAMOXONE IF PIGWEED UP!!!
  36. RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2014. 1. Reflex rate of 12 oz. 2. Warrant rate 3 pt/A. 3. Direx rate 10 to 24 oz/A 4. Include burndown herbicide.
  37. RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2014.
  38. RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2014. If using Liberty/Roundup system and planning on using Liberty; Liberty POST 1 is almost always correct timing
  39. RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2014. Add Envoke if morningglory is issue. Suprend + MSMA just as effective.
  40. herbicide diversity; use residuals appropriate herbicide rates plant clean; Diversified Management Approach
  41. 40 ozs of Gly 4 -20 DAA Steckel 2012
  42. Glyphosate Resistant ryegrass Steckel 2012
  43. herbicide diversity; use residuals appropriate herbicide rates plant clean; be timely crop rotation when economical Diversified Management Approach
  44. herbicide diversity; use residuals appropriate herbicide rates plant clean; be timely crop rotation when economical Integrated programs- tillage, cover crops Diversified Management Approach
  45. Tillage is now a common scene
  46. No Deep Tillage Deep Turn No Herbicide Treatment Number of Palmer Amaranth Plants During Early Season. Macon Co., Georgia 2008.*
  47. Deep Turn Drilled
  48. Numerous Concerns With Tillage
  49. Rolling creates a mulch that is key to reducing Palmer amaranth emergence.
  50. 65 to 95% control in middle Rye Mulch Greatly Reduces Palmer Emergence
  51. Using Heavy Rye Covers For Sustainability Rye Cover Weedy Cover
  52. Potential Benefits for Georgia Growers Improved Palmer control Reduce herbicide input over time Protect herbicide chemistry Less labor (compared to tillage) Mitigate wind and water erosion Moisture conservation Likely higher yields on dryland Possibly reduce irrigation Reduces thrips damage Likely reduce impact from ryegrass and horseweed. HELP ME WITH NRCS!!!!
  53. herbicide diversity; use residuals appropriate herbicide rates plant clean; be timely seed bank management crop rotation when economical Integrated programs- tillage, cover crops and/or hand weeding Diversified Management Approach
  54. Why More Effective….Growers Are More knowledgeable Diversified Manage seedbank Timely
  55. York 2010 Hand Weeding 2010: GA: Herbicide input: $90 million
  56. Resistant Populations Can Build Up Quickly; Early Detection Critical Photo: A. Bradley Photo: A. York
  57. Why More Effective….Growers Are More knowledgeable Diversified Manage seedbank Timely
  58. Resistant Horseweed Issues Steckel 2013
  59. RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2014. For Georgia Growers, tell us when you plant and we will tell you when to apply POST and layby.
  60. Benefits and Concerns with Future Herbicide Tolerant Traits Stanley Culpepper UGA Cooperative Extension Tifton, GA
  61. The Balancing Act Risk Reward
  62. Problematic Weeds Palmer amaranth Waterhemp Horseweed Giant Ragweed Common Ragweed Ryegrass Johnsongrass Goosegrass Morningglory
  63. Future Technology Average RR Program 2010 2015/2016: New Technology: 2,4-D & dicamba flexibility consistency dryland or irrigated less hand weeding less carryover
  64. dicamba 0.5 lb; 8 inch Palmer 12 DAT 24 DAT
  65. 2012 Georgia Fruit and Vegetables Approximately 200,000 acres of veggies 45 different crops 3rd in U.S. vegetable production acres Farm Gate Value: $1,200,000,000
  66. Most Specialty Crops Are Very Sensitive to 2,4-D or Dicamba
  67. The Balancing Act Potentially more economically effective sustainable programs? Managing off-target movement
  68. Culpepper Future Cotton Programs (Seed Technology) Monsanto = Roundup, Liberty, Residuals, dicamba Dow = Roundup, Liberty, Residuals, 2,4-D choline Bayer = Roundup, Liberty, Residuals
  69. Percentage of Time Wind is < 10 MPH May 1 – June 30, 2012*
  70. Culpepper Future Cotton Programs (Seed Technology) Monsanto = Roundup, Liberty, Residuals, dicamba Dow = Roundup, Liberty, Residuals, 2,4-D choline Bayer = Roundup, Liberty, Residuals YIELD
  71. Comments?