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2014 Weed Control Tactics - Alabama Vegetable Conference
AUTHOR
Stanley Culpepper
Professor and Extension Weed Specialist
University of Georgia
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
2014 Weed Control Tactics - Alabama Vegetable Conference
Weed Control Responsibilities
Weed Management At Its Best
Agronomic Weed Control
Resistance Impacts Agronomic Crops
Changes in Herbicide Management
Grown of Hand Weeding
Tillage is now a common scene
Weed Management At Its Best - Diversification
Replacing Methyl Bromide - Great Progress
Herbicides for Specialty Crops
New GA Veggie Labels Last 7 Yr
Grower Standard + Future Product?
Herbicides More Available for GA Vegetable Growers
Why So Successful?
Why So Successful? - Indemnified Labels & 3rd Party Registration
Why So Successful? - IR-4
Limitations and Concerns
Limitations and Concerns - Limited number of scientists
Dual PRE vs Dual POST
Herbicide Injury
Herbicides Can Only Be As Good As the Person Applying Them - Droplet Size
GreenLeaf TwinJet vs Air Induction
ASAE S-572.1 Spray Tip Classification by Droplet Size
Herbicides Can Only Be As Good As the Person Applying Them - Adjuvants
Photo
Herbicides Can Only Be As Good As the Person Applying Them - Persistence
Reflex
Herbicides Can Only Be As Good As the Person Applying Them - Relationship with mulch
Roundup Preplant
Sandea Dissipation on Mulch
Herbicides Can Only Be As Good As the Person Applying Them - Labels
Weed Management At Its Best - Mechanical
Photo
Deep Tillage vs Palmer Almaranth
Photo
Influence of burial depth on Palmer amaranth emergence
Deep Turn vs Drilled
Nutsedge Number 1 Problem in Plastic
Don't plow unless you have to!!!!!!!!!!
Photo
Weed Management At Its Best - Cultural
Rolling Creates a Mulch that is Critical in Reducing Palmer amaranth Emergence
After Cover is Terminated and it Rains; Planting will be Ideal for a Significant Amount of Time
Rye Mulch Reduces Palmer Emergence
Rye/Mulch System
Palmer amaranth as influenced by herbicide, rye cover crop, and fumigant.
Annual grass as influenced by herbicide, rye cover crop, and fumigant.
Yellow nutsedge as influenced by herbicide, rye cover crop, and fumigant.
Rye/Mulch System - Fumigant under mulch if wanted
Rye/Mulch System - Two Biggest Challenges
Diversity and Integration = Survival
Rapid Growth Becoming Extremely Large
Number of Seed Produced per Plant
Palmer amaranth seed production allows for rapid field domination
Weakness of Pigweeds
Nutsedge Tuber Production: The Key
About 3 wk after emergence = tubers
ROTATE DISKING WITH ROUNDUP EVERY 3 WKS.
Hoelon 2X rate
PowerFlex or Osprey at 3X rate
Axial XL 2X rate
Was A Future Product
EPA will have great influence
INDUSTRY
Questions/Comments
Cotton/Melon Intercropping
Cotton/Cucurbit Intercropping
Cantaloupe-Cotton Intercropping
Watermelon-Cotton Intercropping
Row crop with Cucurbit crop
Comments?
SLIDE CONTENTS
2014 Weed Control Tactics – Alabama Vegetable Conference Stanley Culpepper UGA Tifton Campus
Weed Control Responsibilities
Weed Management At Its Best
Agronomic Weed Control
Resistance Impacts Agronomic Crops
Changes in Herbicide Management 2002: $24/A 2010: $63/A Roundup Burndown Roundup POST 1 Roundup POST 2 Roundup + diuron PD Roundup + Valor Burndown1 Gramoxone + Reflex + Direx PRE Roundup + Staple POST 1 Roundup + Dual POST 2 Direx + MSMA PD
Photo by A.C. York 2010 2004: 17% of growers hand-weeded 5% cotton acres at $2.40/A 2010: 92% of growers hand-weeded 52% cotton acres at $23.70/A
Tillage is now a common scene 2004: 13.1% of cotton acres cultivated 2010: 32.1% of cotton acres cultivated Herbicide incorporation: 264,266 A (26.7%) Deep turn: 256,075 A last 3 yr
Weed Management At Its Best DIVERSIFICATION
Replacing Methyl Bromide – Great Progress Breakout session-this afternoon
Herbicides for Specialty Crops Many believe few options currently available with few products on the horizon!
New GA Veggie Labels Last 7 Yr 1. Chateau tomato RM 2. Chateau pepper RM 3. Chateau eggplant RM 4. Chateau watermelon RM 5. Chateau cantaloupe RM 6. Chateau cucumber RM 7. Chateau squash RM 8. Dual Magnum pepper topical 9. Dual Magnum broccoli topical 10. Dual Magnum cabbage topical 11. Dual Magnum collards topical 12. Dual Magnum cauliflower topical 13. Reflex tomato preplant 14. Reflex pepper preplant 15. Caparol in Okra 16. Sandea in Okra 17. Dual Mag. Carrot 18. Dual Mag. Watermelon 19. Dual Mag Cantaloupe 20. Dual Mag. Sweet Potato 21. Dual Mag. POST in Tomato 22. Dual Mag. POST in Beans 23. Dual Mag. POST in Kale 24. Dual Mag. POST in Collard 25. Reflex in Watermelon 26. Reflex in Squash 27. Reflex in Pumpkin 28. Treflan - Intercropping
Grower Standard + Future Product? Grower Standard (not a check!!) Notice pigweed
Herbicides More Available for GA Vegetable Growers 4 NEW HERBICIDE USES PER YEAR ON AVERAGE OVER LAST 7 YEARS
Why So Successful? University/Commodity Commission/Department of Ag
Why So Successful? University/Commodity Commission/Department of Ag Syngenta Indemnified Labels Valent 3rd party registration
Why So Successful? University/Commodity Commission/Department of Ag Syngenta Indemnified Labels Valent 3rd party registration IR-4
Limitations and Concerns Limited number of scientists working in specialty crops. Most growers scared to death of herbicides
Limitations and Concerns 1. Limited number of scientists working in specialty crops. - most of our labels 10-12 studies - new corn label 550 studies
Dual PRE Dual POST
Herbicide Injury Greatly influenced by excess moisture, cold, and incorrect spray calibration.
Herbicides Can Only Be As Good As the Person Applying Them 1. Droplet Size –nozzle, pressure, speed
GreenLeaf TwinJet Air Induction There is a fine line between drift management and weed control!
Table 1. ASAE S-572.1 Spray Tip Classification by Droplet Size1. 1Source: TeeJet Technologies Catalog 51, page 136. 2VMD = Volume median diameter.
Herbicides Can Only Be As Good As the Person Applying Them Droplet Size –nozzle, pressure, speed Adjuvants – some products need
Photo credit: Webster
Herbicides Can Only Be As Good As the Person Applying Them Droplet Size –nozzle, pressure, speed Adjuvants – some products need Persistence
No Reflex Reflex 1 pt/A applied 205 days before transplanting
Herbicides Can Only Be As Good As the Person Applying Them Droplet Size –nozzle, pressure, speed Adjuvants – some products need Persistence Relationship with mulch
Roundup Preplant No Roundup
Sandea Dissipation on Mulch
Herbicides Can Only Be As Good As the Person Applying Them Droplet Size –nozzle, pressure, speed Adjuvants – some products need Persistence Relationship with mulch Labels – www.cdms.net Extension/Manufacture/Dealer
Weed Management At Its Best DIVERSIFICATION
No Deep Tillage Deep Turn No Herbicide Treatment Number of Palmer Amaranth Plants During Early Season. Macon Co., Georgia 2008.*
Influence of burial depth on Palmer amaranth emergence Keeley et al. (1987) reported 36-44% emergence at 0-1”, 7% at 2”, and 2% at 3”.
Deep Turn Drilled
Nutsedge Number 1 Problem in Plastic
Don’t plow unless you have to!!!!!!!!!!
Weed Management At Its Best DIVERSIFICATION
Rolling Creates a Mulch that is Critical in Reducing Palmer amaranth Emergence
After Cover is Terminated and it Rains; Planting will be Ideal for a Significant Amount of Time
70 to 95% control in middle Rye Mulch Reduces Palmer Emergence
Rye/Mulch System
7830 b 88,015 d 30,350 c no herbicide no rye 2465 a Palmer amaranth plants per acre as influenced by herbicide, rye cover crop, and fumigant. no herbicide rye herbicides no rye herbicides rye
1740 b 62350 c 2030 b no herbicide no rye 435 a Annual grass plants per acre as influenced by herbicide, rye cover crop, and fumigant. no herbicide rye herbicides no rye herbicides rye
8845 c 44,805 d 5945 b no herbicide no rye 2900 a Yellow nutsedge plants per acre as influenced by herbicide, rye cover crop, and fumigant. no herbicide rye herbicides no rye herbicides rye
Rye/Mulch System Fumigant under mulch if wanted
Rye/Mulch System Two Biggest Challenges: Time required to get rye established Delay in maturity
BIOLOGY Integrated to remain sustainable Management programs Diversity and Integration = Survival
Rapid Growth Becoming Extremely Large
230 K 250 28 K 309 K Giant ragweed 450 K Number of Seed Produced per Plant Ragweed = Harrison et al. 2001; johnsongrass = Warwick and Black (1983); horseweed = Regehr and Bazzaz (1979); waterhemp = Nordby and Hartzler (2004); Palmer amaranth = Macrae et al (2009). Johnson-grass Horseweed Waterhemp Palmer amaranth
Palmer amaranth seed production allows for rapid field domination Year 1 Year 3 to 4
Weakness of Pigweeds Emergence depth! Seed life longevity? Light requirement for emergence.
Nutsedge Tuber Production: The Key YEAR 1: 10 plants (tuber) survive fumigation 35,000 plants ready for year 2 YEAR 2: control = 95% control (1750 plants survive) 6,125,000 plants ready for year 3 YEAR 3: control = 95% control (306,250 plants survive) 1,071,875,000 plants ready for year 4
About 3 wk after emergence = tubers
ROTATE DISKING WITH ROUNDUP EVERY 3 WKS. ADD SANDEA IN WITH ROUNDUP ONCE IF NOT CARRYOVER PROBLEMS
Non-treated control Hoelon 2X rate
Non-treated control PowerFlex 3X rate or Osprey at 3X rate
Non-treated control Axial XL 2X rate
Non-treated control Was A Future Product
EPA will have great influence Regulatory More difficult to get new tools Loss of old tools Media sensitivity More paperwork Required training
INDUSTRY Georgia Department of Agriculture Commissioner Gary Black
Questions/Comments Culpepper, University of Georgia, Tifton Campus
Cotton/Melon Intercropping Melons planted as normal Cotton generally planted about 3 week later. GA acreage exceed 3000 during 2013
Cotton/Cucurbit Intercropping Cantaloupe Squash Watermelon 30 days after transplant
Cantaloupe-Cotton Intercropping
Watermelon-Cotton Intercropping
Comments?